Barrett’s Esophagus

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is indeed a common condition in the United States, and heartburn is the most frequent symptom. GERD occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which acts as a valve between the stomach and esophagus, weakens or relaxes inappropriately. This allows stomach acid to flow back (reflux) into the esophagus, leading to symptoms like heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, and sometimes difficulty swallowing.

In some cases, GERD can lead to a condition called Barrett's esophagus, where the normal squamous cells of the esophagus are replaced with columnar cells. This change is thought to be a response to prolonged acid exposure and is considered a precancerous condition. The incidence of Barrett's esophagus is indeed higher in people with chronic GERD. About 10-15% of people with GERD will eventually develop Barrett's esophagus, though not all of these individuals will go on to develop esophageal cancer.

Despite the association between Barrett's esophagus and an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, it's important to note that most cases of esophageal cancer occur in individuals who do not have a history of Barrett's esophagus. The vast majority of esophageal cancer cases (about 90%) are diagnosed in people without Barrett’s, highlighting that other risk factors—such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and a family history—can also contribute significantly to cancer risk.

The key to managing GERD and potentially preventing progression to more serious conditions like Barrett’s esophagus or even esophageal cancer is early intervention. This can include lifestyle changes, medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

Contact the office of Dr Jack Husney, leading Gastroenterologist in Brooklyn,  to schedule a consultation and receive the correct diagnosis and all your treatment options.